P-states (performance states) are different power and performance levels that a CPU can operate at. The CPU can dynamically switch between these states depending on the workload, in order to conserve energy or increase performance as needed.

Each P-state is defined by a specific operating frequency and voltage level. Lower P-states correspond to lower frequencies and voltages, which result in lower power consumption. Higher P-states correspond to higher frequencies and voltages, which result in higher performance.

By using P-states, the CPU can automatically adjust its performance and power consumption to match the current workload, without the need for manual configuration. This helps to optimize system performance and reduce power consumption, resulting in improved battery life for laptops and reduced energy costs for servers and other large-scale systems.

You can query the P-states (processor performance states) under Ubuntu 22.04 by using the cpufreq-info tool. This tool is part of the cpufrequtils package, which you can install by running the following command in your terminal:

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

Once the package is installed, you can use the following command to display information about the available P-states:

cpufreq-info

This will show you information such as the current frequency, the available frequencies, and the CPU governor (the on-demand governor is typically the default).

The NVMe Autonomous Power State Transition (APST) feature: What it is and How to Troubleshoot it in Ubuntu 22.04

Have you ever come across an error message stating that your NVMe SSD has failed to wake up within the specified time when using the APST feature? If yes, then you have encountered a phenomenon related to the NVMe Autonomous Power State Transition (APST) feature. In this blog, we will explain what APST is and how you can troubleshoot it in Ubuntu 22.04.

What is APST?

APST (Autonomous Power State Transition) is a feature in NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) SSDs that allows the NVMe controller to switch between different power management states automatically. The NVMe controller provides information on how much time it requires to enter and exit each power-saving state, and the operating system uses this information to configure the state transition rules.

APST can help improve the power efficiency of NVMe SSDs by allowing them to enter low-power states when idle. The operating system can then wake the NVMe SSD from these low-power states when necessary.

Troubleshooting APST in Ubuntu 22.04

If your NVMe SSD is failing to wake up within the specified time when using APST, then the first step is to disable APST and see if the issue persists. To disable APST in Ubuntu 22.04, you can add the following line to your boot configuration file:

“nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0“

This line tells the maximum allowed time for waking up from APST power management states is 0 microseconds, which disables the APST feature. You can add this line to your boot configuration file by using the following command:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Once you have added the line, save the file and run the following command to update the boot configuration:

sudo update-grub

After disabling APST, you can restart your computer and see if the issue persists. If the issue does not persist after disabling APST, then the problem is likely related to the APST feature.

If the issue persists even after disabling APST, then you may need to check for any NVMe SSD firmware updates. The manufacturer of your NVMe SSD should be able to provide information on available firmware updates. Updating the firmware may resolve the issue.

On some WD NVMe a workaround could be to set the latency state to 5500

nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=5500

Conclusion:

The NVMe Autonomous Power State Transition (APST) feature can help improve the power efficiency of NVMe SSDs by allowing them to enter low-power states when idle. If you encounter issues with APST, you can disable the feature by adding a line to your boot configuration file, and if the issue persists, check for any available firmware updates. By following these steps, you can troubleshoot APST issues in Ubuntu 22.04.

So überprüfen Sie die MD5-Summe einer Zip-Datei oder ISO unter Windows

Windows bietet ein einfaches Werkzeug, das genutzt werden kann, um die MD5-Summe einer Zip-Datei oder ISO zu überprüfen. Dies kann mithilfe des Befehls “certutil” in einer Eingabeaufforderung erfolgen. Hier ist eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung:

Öffnen Sie eine Eingabeaufforderung. Sie können das Startmenü öffnen und dann “Eingabeaufforderung” oder “cmd” eingeben. Klicken Sie auf das entsprechende Suchergebnis.

Geben Sie den folgenden Befehl ein und drücken Sie die Eingabetaste:

certutil -hashfile [Dateiname] [Hash-Algorithmus]

Ersetzen Sie [Dateiname] durch den Namen der Zip-Datei oder ISO, die Sie überprüfen möchten. Zum Beispiel:

certutil -hashfile windows.iso MD5

Das Tool berechnet dann die MD5-Summe der angegebenen Datei und gibt das Ergebnis auf dem Bildschirm aus. Wichtig: Stellen Sie sicher, dass die angegebene Datei vollständig heruntergeladen wurde, bevor Sie die Überprüfung durchführen. Andernfalls kann das Ergebnis falsch sein.

Mit diesem einfachen Werkzeug können Sie sicherstellen, dass die Zip-Datei oder ISO, die Sie heruntergeladen haben, unverändert ist und keine beschädigten oder fehlerhaften Daten enthält.

Zitate :

1. https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/malware-living-off-land-with-certutil/
2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil#:~:text=Certutil.exe%20is%20a%20command,key%20pairs%2C%20and%20certificate%20chains.
3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc732443(v=ws.11)
4. https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/certutil.1.html#:~:text=You%20can%20display%20the%20public,store%20only%20one%20key%20pair.
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil
6. https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/certutil.1.html#:~:text=The%20Certificate%20Database%20Tool%2C%20certutil,modify%20certificate%20and%20key%20databases.
7. https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/malware-living-off-land-with-certutil/#:~:text=How%20Attackers%20Use%20CertUtil&text=In%20order%20to%20avoid%20detection,a%20file%20is%20simple%20enough.
8. https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/security/en-US/795f209d-b056-4de8-8dcf-7c7f80529aab/what-does-quotcertutil-pulsequot-command-do?forum=winserversecurity
9. https://ss64.com/nt/certutil.html
10. https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/certutil.1.html
11. https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/certutil

Calculating the carbon emissions of website is somewhat of a challenge, but we have been working for many years to develop and refine a methodology for this purpose. Our hope is that this will help raise awareness and encourage more eco-friendly approaches to be adopted throughout the web design industry…

https://www.websitecarbon.com/

Alternatives or similar projects:

https://aerial.is/

https://www.wren.co/

https://klima.com/

https://www.climatiq.io/

https://tryneutral.com/

https://shopneutral.io/

https://watershed.com/

Image-to-text transcription is a process of converting an image into text so that AI can understand it. This process is made possible by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology, which uses computer vision to recognize and extract text from images. OCR/Picture-to-text is a very efficient and easy-to-use website that offers a range of options to perform image-to-text conversions. This online tool is used to convert physical documents into digital ones with great ease, making data entry jobs easier.

AI-driven transcription services are also available for interpreting and transcribing audio. These services are less expensive and usually reasonably accurate. Scribie, Rev, Temi, and Otter are some of the popular AI-powered transcription services.

AI text-to-image generators work by taking your written description and creating a picture based on the prompt you provided. Two neural networks work together to compose an image and analyze its compliance with your guidelines until the AI decides the result is accurate enough.

Image recognition examines each pixel in an image to extract relevant information in the same way that humans do. AI cams can detect and recognize a wide range of objects that have been trained in computer vision. Facebook has developed a large-scale machine learning system named Rosetta, which extracts text from more than a billion public Facebook and Instagram images and video frames daily and in real time.

Image-to-text transcription is a useful tool for many applications such as face recognition and authentication, detecting and recognizing objects and patterns in images and videos, and so on. It is also beneficial for people with learning difficulties as they can easily work from lecture or meeting notes if they have both a recording and a transcript.

Citations :

1. https://www.theverge.com/23316220/transcription-ai-otter-temi-how-to

2. https://www.unite.ai/best-ai-transcription-software-services/

3. https://www.rev.com/blog/resources/best-ai-transcription-service-for-audio-video-files#:~:text=Rev's%20automatic%20transcription%20service%20and,service%20error%20rate%20at%2018.42%25.

4. https://www.zmo.ai/how-do-ai-text-to-image-generators-work/#:~:text=AI%20text%2Dto%2Dimage%20generators%20work%20by%20taking%20your%20written,the%20result%20is%20accurate%20enough.

5. https://www.rev.com/blog/resources/ai-transcription-service-benefits-of-ai-speech-to-text#:~:text=AI%20transcription%20is%20also%20a,write%20by%20dictating%20your%20ideas.

6. https://riverside.fm/blog/best-transcription-services

7. https://www.apriorit.com/dev-blog/599-ai-for-image-processing#:~:text=Image%20processing%20with%20artificial%20intelligence,and%20videos%2C%20and%20so%20on.

8. https://www.folio3.ai/blog/image-to-text-conversion-ai-tools/

9. https://appen.com/blog/optical-character-recognition/

10. https://engineering.fb.com/2018/09/11/ai-research/rosetta-understanding-text-in-images-and-videos-with-machine-learning/

11. https://thedailyguardian.com/how-picture-to-text-technology-works-and-eases-data-entry-work/#:~:text=With%20OCR%2FPicture%2Dto%2D,flow%20in%20professional%20work%20settings.

12. https://www.analyticsinsight.net/what-is-ai-image-recognition-how-does-it-work-in-the-digital-world/#:~:text=Image%20recognition%20examines%20each%20pixel,been%20trained%20in%20computer%20vision.

http://ocr.best/

Being open-source in nature, the Android OS has a range of easter eggs and secret codes that let you unlock hidden settings options and get key information about your smartphone or tablet that lay veiled otherwise. In this article, we’ll jot down a comprehensive list of Android secret codes and USSD codes that you can use to access a range of back-end settings, hidden features, and information on your Android smartphone or tablet…

https://technastic.com/android-secret-codes-ussd-codes/

Block unwanted use of onboard microphone

Features a passive jammer technique that engages the microphone thereby blocking other apps from using it. But does NOT listen to or record any of the audio from the microphone. It uses 0% CPU and no noticeable battery use. However is not intended to be left on permanently due to the variety of triggers that can cause audiofocusstate changes (VOIP etc)…

https://f-droid.org/en/packages/cityfreqs.com.pilfershushjammer/

Private Lock

Lock your phone from its movement force

A simple app to automatically lock your phone based on movement force, or the acceleration to be more accurate.

Private Lock can help protect your privacy and security by monitoring the accelerometer in the background and if the threshold is breached, lock the screen.

The main use cases are if your phone is taken while you're using it, or you drop your phone. As an additional bonus, it can also help save wear and tear on your power button!

https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.wesaphzt.privatelock/

If you are looking for websites which provide a good oversight about certain statistical information, these page might the sources which are looking for.

NationMaster: https://www.nationmaster.com/ Worldometers: https://www.worldometers.info/ Index Mundi: https://www.indexmundi.com/ The Global Economy: https://theglobaleconomy.com/ Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/ World Bank Data: https://data.worldbank.org/ United Nations Statistics Division: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/ World Population Review: https://worldpopulationreview.com/

Below is a list of open source games and game-related projects that can be found on GitHub – old school text adventures, educational games, 8-bit platform games, browser-based games, indie games, GameJam projects, add-ons/maps/hacks/plugins for commercial games, libraries, frameworks, engines, you name it…

https://github.com/leereilly/games

This is also nice:

http://www.lebottindesjeuxlinux.tuxfamily.org/en/home-en/