How can I type accented characters like ë/ö/ä etc. ?

Often this is easier with the compose key. With that configured you use key combos to get the special characters. For instance:

For ë you press Compose+", e. For you press Compose+~, e. For ô you press Compose+^, o. For á you press Compose+', a. For you press Compose+=, e. For £ you press Compose+-, l.

Note that you do not have to hold down the compose key; just press each key in order.

To set the compose key go to System –> Preferences –> Keyboard, then Layouts –> Options. Open up Compose Key Position and choose a key. I use Right-Alt.

https://askubuntu.com/questions/358/how-can-i-type-accented-characters-like-%C3%AB